Graded Causation and Defaults

Invariant Mappings and Contexts in a Computational Approach to Metaphor Interpretation

We start by characterizing the role of a set of invariant mappings within a semantic framework for metaphor interpretation. Such rules are defaults and have previously been identified by our group as invariant mappings adjuncts to any conceptual metaphor. We provide a formal description of several invariant mappings that transfer information such as causation and event degrees, and discuss some...

Actual causation and the art of modeling

We look more carefully at the modeling of causality using structural equations. It is clear that the structural equations can have a major impact on the conclusions we draw about causality. In particular, the choice of variables and their values can also have a significant impact on causality. These choices are, to some extent, subjective. We consider what counts as an appropriate choice. More ...

System JLZ - rational default reasoning by minimal ranking constructions

We present a powerful quasi-probabilistic default formalism for graded defaults based on a well-motivated canonical ranking construction procedure, System JLZ. It implements the minimal construction paradigm and verifies the major inference principles and inheritance desiderata, including rational monotony for propositions and structured cumulativity for default conditionals. With help from a s...

Functions and Cognitive Bases for the Concept of Actual Causation

Our concept of actual causation plays a deep, ever-present role in our experiences. I first argue that traditional philosophical methods for understanding this concept are unlikely to be successful. I contend that we should instead use functional analyses and an understanding of the cognitive bases of causal cognition to gain insight into the concept of actual causation. I additionally provide ...

A Ghazalian Predicament Epistemology and Metaphysics of Causation in the Works of Ghazali